IBM PC Compatibles

IBM PC compatibles, commonly known as PC clones or IBM clones, refer to personal computers that are compatible with the original IBM Personal Computer (IBM PC) and its architecture. Here's a brief history:

1. Introduction of the IBM PC: In August 1981, IBM introduced the IBM PC, which quickly became one of the most popular personal computers of its time. It featured an open architecture, standardized components, and used an Intel 8088 microprocessor. IBM's decision to use off-the-shelf components and an open architecture made it easier for third-party manufacturers to produce compatible hardware and software.

2. IBM PC Clones: As IBM's PC gained popularity, other manufacturers began producing compatible computers, known as IBM PC clones or compatibles. These computers replicated the IBM PC's hardware and architecture, allowing them to run the same software and use the same peripherals. Compaq Computer Corporation's Compaq Portable, introduced in 1983, was one of the earliest and most successful IBM PC clones.

3. Growth and Standardization: The success of IBM PC clones led to the establishment of industry standards for hardware compatibility. The most significant of these standards was the IBM PC/AT architecture, introduced with the IBM PC/AT in 1984. This architecture standardized features such as the 16-bit ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) bus, which allowed for expansion cards, and the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System).

4. Diversification and Competition: The IBM PC clone market became increasingly diverse, with numerous manufacturers producing their own variations of compatible computers. Companies like Compaq, Dell, HP, and Gateway emerged as major players in the PC market. The introduction of Microsoft's MS-DOS operating system further fueled the growth of the PC clone market, as it became the de facto standard operating system for IBM PC compatibles.

5. Evolution and Legacy: Over time, IBM PC compatibles evolved to incorporate newer technologies and standards, such as the Intel x86 microprocessor family, PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus, and USB (Universal Serial Bus) ports. The term "IBM PC compatible" eventually fell out of use as IBM's influence in the PC market waned, and the market became dominated by a variety of manufacturers producing PCs based on industry standards. Today, the term "PC" typically refers to computers compatible with the original IBM PC architecture, running Microsoft Windows or other x86-compatible operating systems.